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RealT file · legal proceedings · updated 30/09/2026
Remy and Jean-Marc Jacobson: the known legal proceedings
Remy Jacobson and Jean-Marc Jacobson founded RealT (RealToken), the platform that sold tokenized shares of American houses to more than 20,000 investors, most of them French. This page lists, country by country, the public legal proceedings targeting them or their companies, as well as those they have brought. Each case links to its source: court docket, published decision or press article.
Proceedings
32targeting them or their companiesCountries
5United States, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Canada, FranceDefault judgments
3against Remy Jacobson or his companies (Detroit, Miami)Still ongoing
6Detroit, Chicago, two Florida cases, the Paris complaint and its copy to MichiganPenal conviction
1selling alcohol without a permit (Montreal, 2005), regulatory offenceComplainants in France
627collective complaint of 30 September 2026 (JUNALCO, Paris)Read this first. Everyone named is presumed innocent. Civil cases (disputes with a city, a bank or individuals) are not criminal convictions, and a complaint is not a court ruling: for the criminal complaints listed here, no decision is known. The only known penal conviction is a Quebec regulatory offence (selling alcohol without a permit), not a Criminal Code offence. Facts are reported as they appear in the sources, without further interpretation. For any correction or right of reply:
[email protected].
Proceedings targeting them
🇺🇸 United States · 23
🇺🇸 United States2025 – ongoingRemy and Jean-Marc JacobsonOngoing
City of Detroit v. Michigan Real Token I-X LLC, Rémy Jacobson, Jean-Marc Jacobson et al.
Third Judicial Circuit Court, Wayne County (Detroit) · case 25-010288-CH · Judge Helal Farhat (Judge Annette Berry until February 2026)
Nuisance lawsuit filed by the City of Detroit on 2 July 2025 against RealT’s companies (Michigan Real Token I to X, over 100 series of Real Token LLC, about fifty REALTOKEN INTERNATIONAL corporations) and against both brothers personally. Jean-Marc Jacobson represents himself, without a lawyer. Rent frozen by injunction from 22 July 2025; receiver motion denied on 16 January 2026; trial postponed then cancelled; April 2026 agreement placing about 700 properties under a fiduciary, Charles Bullock; defence lawyers allowed to withdraw on 6 August 2026; amended complaint filed by the city on 15 September 2026. Show cause hearing on 30 September 2026, settlement conference on 7 October 2026.
🇺🇸 United States2024 – 2025Remy JacobsonClosed: settled
City of Detroit v. Jacobson, Remy et al. (Cadieux Apartments LLC)
Third Judicial Circuit Court, Wayne County · case 24-009122-CH · Judge Annette Berry; appeal: Michigan Court of Appeals, case 375467
First city lawsuit naming Remy Jacobson personally, together with Cadieux Apartments LLC, filed on 26 June 2024. City’s motion for an order to show cause heard on 31 January 2025; order entered on 11 February 2025. Remy Jacobson and Cadieux Apartments LLC appealed on 2 May 2025: the Michigan Court of Appeals denied their application on 22 October 2025. Meanwhile, a motion to stay was denied in June 2025; settled on 7 October 2025, dismissed on 14 October 2025. According to Outlier Media, the settlement requires four $17,500 payments and repairs within six months.
🇺🇸 United States2025 – 2026Remy JacobsonClosed: default judgment
City of Detroit v. Michigan RealToken VI LLC, Jacobson, Remy et al.
Third Judicial Circuit Court, Wayne County · case 25-002868-CH · Judge Helal Farhat
City lawsuit over 16049 E. Seven Mile Rd, a property listed on realt.co, against Michigan RealToken VI LLC and Remy Jacobson, filed on 24 February 2025. Defendants did not answer the complaint: default entered in April 2025. Motion for default judgment granted on 20 May 2026, default judgment on 26 May 2026.
🇺🇸 United States2021 – 2026Remy and Jean-Marc JacobsonClosed: settlement (January 2026)
Saidnia v. Nimbus Mining LLC, Remy Jacobson, Greg Bachrach, Jean-Marc Jacobson
U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York · case 1:21-cv-07792 · Judge Vernon S. Broderick
Lawsuit filed on 17 September 2021: the plaintiff claims the defendants kept 30.39 bitcoins owed to her. In October 2023, the court refused to dismiss the claims against the two brothers, found the fraud allegations specific enough to proceed and allowed the claim seeking to hold them personally liable for Nimbus Mining’s debts. In June 2024, a default against the defendants was vacated. In July 2025, their lawyers moved to withdraw. Settlement conferences on 4 December 2025 and 5 January 2026. On 6 January 2026 the court was told the parties had settled and ordered the case discontinued within 60 days; the settlement agreement, with its amount redacted, was filed on 16 January 2026.
🇺🇸 United States2026 – ongoingRemy JacobsonOngoing
American Express National Bank v. Remy Jacobson
Palm Beach County Circuit Court · case 50-2026-CA-010312-XXXA-MB · Judge Reid P. Scott
Lawsuit filed on 13 September 2026 by American Express: according to the complaint, Remy Jacobson stopped paying the minimum due on two American Express Platinum cards, with claimed balances of $70,093.82 and $19,873.64, nearly $90,000 in total. The complaint gives his address as 980 N Federal Highway, Suite 110, Boca Raton, the address of RealToken Technologies Inc., of which he is an officer. On 15 September 2026 the case was assigned to the streamlined track, with a non-jury trial.
🇺🇸 United States2019 – 2026Remy JacobsonClosed: default judgment (2026), garnishments
City National Bank of Florida v. RJ Strategies LLC et Remy R. Jacobson
Miami-Dade County Circuit Court · case 2019-026313-CA-01
Debt lawsuit filed by City National Bank of Florida on 6 September 2019 against RJ Strategies LLC and Remy Jacobson. The case was dismissed on 23 December 2019 after a settlement, supplemented in May 2022. In November 2024 the bank asked the court to enforce the settlement. On 27 February 2026 it obtained a default final judgment; on 18 March 2026 writs of garnishment were issued against accounts held at Valley Bank and Centennial Bank.
🇺🇸 United States2020 – 2025Remy JacobsonDefault judgment, garnishment
2711 South Ocean Drive LLC v. Remy Jacobson
Miami-Dade County Circuit Court · case 2022-001961-CA-01 (first attempt in Broward: CACE20015786)
The creditor first sued Remy Jacobson in Broward County on 24 September 2020, for more than $75,000; unable to serve him, that first case was closed in September 2021. A new suit was filed in Miami-Dade on 1 February 2022. In November 2023 the court allowed substitute service, Remy Jacobson’s default was entered on 22 December 2023 and a default final judgment was issued on 7 May 2024. In May 2025 the creditor obtained a writ of garnishment. The case is at the judgment-enforcement stage.
🇺🇸 United States2015 – 2022Remy and Jean-Marc JacobsonClosed: settlement, then contempt
Uri Murad v. Liquidbits Corp, Remy R. Jacobson, Jean-Marc Jacobson et al.
Miami-Dade County Circuit Court · case 2015-012071-CA-01
Debt lawsuit filed on 29 May 2015 against Liquidbits Corp and the Jacobson brothers, whom the plaintiff sought to hold personally liable for the company’s debts (“alter ego”). After six years of litigation, the court in 2021 enforced a settlement, awarded the plaintiff his attorney’s fees and then, on 5 November 2021, partly granted his motion for civil contempt based on “willful non-compliance” with that order. Show cause hearing against Liquidbits and Remy Jacobson on 19 January 2022, followed by an agreed order on 21 January 2022.
🇺🇸 United States2016 – 2018Remy and Jean-Marc JacobsonClosed: dismissed with prejudice
Robert Berrin and Isaac Fisher v. Wynwood Investors LLC, Wynwood Propco, Remy and Jean-Marc Jacobson et al.
Miami-Dade County Circuit Court · case 2016-014594-CA-01 · Florida Third District Court of Appeal, case 3D2018-1004
Business torts lawsuit filed on 13 June 2016 by two plaintiffs against Wynwood Investors, Wynwood Propco, the Jacobson brothers and their companies RJ Strategies and JMJ Strategies. The defendants’ motion for summary judgment was denied on 27 April 2018. On 18 May 2018 Remy and Jean-Marc Jacobson asked the Florida Third District Court of Appeal (case 3D2018-1004) to quash that denial; on 30 May the court ordered the plaintiffs to respond. The parties then signed a stipulation: the case was dismissed with prejudice on 5 June 2018 at their request, and the appeals court closed the petition on 6 June 2018.
🇺🇸 United States2019Remy and Jean-Marc JacobsonClosed: dismissed with prejudice
Legon Fodiman P.A. v. RJ Strategies LLC, JMJ Strategies LLC, Remy and Jean-Marc Jacobson et al.
Miami-Dade County Circuit Court · case 2019-001373-CA-01 · Judge Milton Hirsch
A Miami law firm sued the Jacobson brothers and their companies over a debt, filed on 15 January 2019. The defendants’ motion to dismiss part of the claims was denied on 6 June 2019. After mediation in July 2019, the case was dismissed with prejudice on 22 October 2019 on the parties’ stipulation.
🇺🇸 United States2018 – 2020Remy JacobsonClosed: judgment, then paid
Kopelowitz Ostrow P.A. v. Remy Jacobson, Wynwood Propco LLC and Wynwood Design Center LLC
Broward County Circuit Court (Fort Lauderdale) · case CACE18019964
Third law firm to sue Remy Jacobson over a debt, filed on 21 August 2018 against him and two Wynwood companies. Settlement approved on 4 March 2019. In July 2019 the firm said the settlement had been breached, reporting only partial payments; a consent final judgment was entered on 7 February 2020, and the firm filed a satisfaction of judgment on 31 August 2020.
🇺🇸 United States2015 – 2016Remy JacobsonClosed: voluntary dismissal
Genovese Joblove & Battista P.A. v. Wynwood Propco LLC et Remy Jacobson
Miami-Dade County Circuit Court · case 2015-026119-CA-01
Another Miami law firm sued Wynwood Propco LLC and Remy Jacobson over a debt, filed on 9 November 2015. The firm voluntarily dismissed the case on 1 April 2016.
🇺🇸 United States2016Remy JacobsonUS federal tax liens, released the same year
Internal Revenue Service (IRS): federal tax liens against Remy Jacobson
Miami-Dade County Official Records · instruments 2016 R 141497 and 2016 R 141498
On 8 March 2016 the US federal tax authority (IRS) recorded two federal tax liens naming Remy Jacobson and another member of his household, not named here, in the Miami-Dade Official Records, a step taken when an assessed tax has not been paid. The first notice (instrument 2016 R 141497) concerns 2013 personal income tax (Form 1040), assessed on 6 October 2014 and left unpaid: $16,466.29 claimed; details of the second notice are not available online. Releases were recorded in August and September 2016, indicating the debt was paid or released.
🇺🇸 United States2011 – 2014Remy JacobsonDefault entered, property foreclosed
Branch Banking & Trust Co. v. 260 SW Natura LLC, Remy Jacobson et al.
Broward County Circuit Court · case CACE11005760
Foreclosure of a commercial unit in Deerfield Beach brought on 10 March 2011 by BB&T bank against nine defendants, including a “Remy Jacobson”. Not found after a diligent search, he was served by publication, did not respond and a default was entered against him on 8 July 2011. Foreclosure judgment on 13 November 2014, auction on 18 December 2014. The online docket does not state his address or why he was named (borrower, guarantor or other interest in the property).
🇺🇸 United States2007Remy JacobsonClosed: eviction ordered
Haindel v. Remy Jacobson
Miami-Dade County Court (Miami Beach) · case 2007-001453-CC-24
Eviction case brought by a landlord against Remy Jacobson on 17 August 2007. Remy Jacobson did not respond: default entered on 20 September 2007, eviction judgment on 11 October 2007 and a writ of possession issued to the sheriff the next day.
🇺🇸 United States2020Remy and Jean-Marc JacobsonClosed: dismissed (Covid moratorium)
Centennial Bank v. Remy Jacobson, Jean-Marc Jacobson et al. (4141 Design LLC)
U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida · Judge Ursula Ungaro · Miami-Dade Circuit Court, case 2020-014606-CA-01
Centennial Bank alleges the defendants defaulted on an $8.4M loan on the building at 4141 North Miami Avenue (Design District). Their lawyer denies any default. Dismissed in July 2020 because of the pandemic foreclosure moratorium. The same year, on 10 July 2020, the construction firm Aaron Builders LLC sued 4141 Design LLC and McKenzie Construction LLC in Miami-Dade court (case 2020-014606-CA-01) and recorded a notice of pending litigation (lis pendens) on the property; it dismissed the case and released the notice on 15 September 2020.
🇺🇸 United States2022 – 2023Remy and Jean-Marc JacobsonClosed: $10.4M foreclosure
Centennial Bank c. Rémy et Jean-Marc Jacobson (4141 N. Miami Ave)
Miami-Dade County Circuit Court · case 2022-010595-CA-01
Second foreclosure on the same building, after payments stopped in April 2022 according to the bank. Final foreclosure judgment of $10.4M on 19 July 2023 in favour of Centennial Bank, building auctioned on 18 September 2023.
🇺🇸 United States2020 – 2024Remy and Jean-Marc JacobsonClosed: joint dismissal
Diluvio LLC v. Remy Jacobson, Jean-Marc Jacobson, Wynwood Center LLC et al.
Miami-Dade County Circuit Court · case 2020-021339-CA-01 (and related case 2020-021327-CA-01 against Wynwood Investors LLC) · Florida Third District Court of Appeal, case 3D2023-0493
Breach of contract lawsuit filed on 5 October 2020 by Diluvio LLC against Remy and Jean-Marc Jacobson and three Wynwood companies (Wynwood Center, Wynwood RE Investors, Wynwood Design Center). The same day, Diluvio also sued Wynwood Investors LLC in a separate case. In that second case the court granted Diluvio partial summary judgment; Wynwood Investors, RJ Strategies and VVJ Strategies appealed on 21 March 2023 (Florida Third District Court of Appeal, case 3D2023-0493), but the appeal was dismissed on 6 June 2023 because the order was not a final judgment. In 2023 both sides also moved for partial summary judgment in the main case. The case was dismissed on 2 January 2024 on the parties’ joint stipulation.
🇺🇸 United States2019 – 2020Remy JacobsonArbitration, award in 2022
Kahuna Group, LLC v. Bunker Capital, LLC, Remy Jacobson, Gregory Bachrach
U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina · case 3:19-cv-00552
Business dispute against Bunker Capital LLC and, personally, Remy Jacobson and Gregory Bachrach (also a co-defendant in the Nimbus Mining case). On 20 July 2020, the court denied the requested transfer to Florida and sent the dispute to arbitration in Miami. An arbitration award was issued on 5 January 2022. Kahuna asked the federal court to confirm it; on 21 July 2022 the court kept the case stayed until Remy Jacobson’s petition to vacate the award in Florida is decided (see below, “Remy Jacobson v. Kahuna Group”).
🇺🇸 United States2023Remy JacobsonOutcome not public
Gonzalez et al. v. Jacobson et al.
U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida · case 9:23-cv-80837
Lawsuit filed on 29 May 2023 by two plaintiffs against Remy Jacobson and another person under the federal wage law (Fair Labor Standards Act). Referred to mediation, trial set for December 2023; the outcome is not public.
🇺🇸 United States2018 – 2021Remy JacobsonClosed: settlement ($50,000), then voluntary dismissal
Net Element Inc. v. Bunker Capital LLC (and Creative Circle LLC v. Bunker Capital LLC)
Miami-Dade Circuit Court · cases 2018-029434-CA-01 (filed 29 August 2018) and 2020-000362-CA-01 (filed 8 January 2020)
Bunker Capital LLC is a Delaware company registered in Florida on 23 March 2018, managed by Remy Jacobson according to the Florida corporate registry. In December 2017, the listed company Net Element signed a letter of intent with Bunker Capital to develop blockchain solutions and prepaid it in stock: 19,000 shares, booked at about $221,000. No definitive agreement was reached; Net Element ended the relationship on 26 February 2018 and asked for the shares back. On 29 August 2018 it sued Bunker Capital in Miami and moved for a default; the case was closed by voluntary dismissal on 16 October 2018 after a settlement: according to Net Element’s quarterly report to the SEC, Bunker Capital paid it $50,000. In January 2020 a staffing agency, Creative Circle LLC, sued a Bunker Capital LLC in the same court; unable to serve it despite four extensions, it dismissed the case on 30 September 2021. In the meantime Bunker Capital’s registered agent had resigned (August 2019) and its Florida registration was revoked on 6 January 2020.
🇺🇸 United States2021 – ongoingRealToken (companies)7 default rulings ($75,500), one hearing on 3 November 2026
City of Chicago v. RealToken companies: building code violations
City of Chicago Department of Administrative Hearings · 10 dockets (21BT01878A to 26BT01521A)
Between 2021 and 2026 the City of Chicago brought ten cases against RealT companies (“RealToken LLC” series 102, 103, 108, 173 and 193, and “Real Token International 350 E 74th St Inc”), one of them marked “c/o Remy Jacobson”, for building code violations at nine tokenised buildings: defective exterior walls, windows, doors and cornices, missing smoke detectors, missing entrance locks. In seven cases RealT did not appear and was found liable by default, with fines totalling $75,500; the most recent, on 22 June 2026, concerns a building at the corner of 64th Street and Loomis Boulevard (7 violations, $24,500). Two cases were dropped by the City. The tenth, for nine violations at 350 E 74th Street, is still pending: next hearing on 3 November 2026.
🇺🇸 United States2026 – ongoingRemy and Jean-Marc JacobsonReferral sent, no known outcome
Copy of the RealT investors’ collective complaint sent to the US federal prosecutor in Michigan
United States Attorney’s Office, Michigan · Delomel law firm
Alongside the complaint filed in Paris on 30 September 2026 on behalf of 627 RealT investors (who put their losses at €40 million), the Delomel law firm says it sent a copy to the US federal prosecutor in Michigan, the state where most RealT buildings are located, in Detroit. The firm says it will assist the complainants in France and the United States throughout the proceedings. This is a referral to US authorities, not a prosecution: no public outcome is known to date, and those targeted are presumed innocent. Details of the French complaint are in the France section.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · 1
🇬🇧 United Kingdom2021 – 2025Remy and Jean-Marc JacobsonStruck off (2024), restored (2025)
Phasequote Limited: compulsory strike-off by the UK registry
Companies House (UK companies registry) · company 02097843
Phasequote Limited is a London property development company where Jean-Marc Jacobson has been a director since 2010; Remy and Jean-Marc Jacobson each own between 25% and 50% of the shares, according to the registry. The UK registry started a first compulsory strike-off in November 2021, discontinued in February 2022 after the missing documents were filed. A second one was opened in November 2023: the company was dissolved by compulsory strike-off on 13 February 2024. It was restored in June 2025 at its directors’ request, who filed the 2022, 2023 and 2024 accounts on the same day.
🇨🇭 Switzerland · 2
🇨🇭 Switzerland2025 – 2026Remy and Jean-Marc JacobsonCommercial registry summonses, address restored in 2026
RWA Holdings SA (Neuchâtel): commercial registry summonses
Commercial Registry Office of the Canton of Neuchâtel · Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce (SOGC)
RWA Holdings SA is a public limited company set up in Neuchâtel on 7 March 2024. Its directors are Jean-Marc Jacobson (chairman), Remy Jacobson and Michaël Courvoisier; its CHF 100,000 capital was contributed in kind, as 117,000 xDAI tokens. On 29 October 2025 the commercial registry struck off the company’s address at a fiduciary firm: it no longer had a valid address at its seat. On 6 November 2025 the registry published a summons (art. 934 of the Code of Obligations): the company, which it considered to have no business activity and no realisable assets, had not responded to a first summons, and anyone with an interest was invited to object to its removal from the register by 8 December 2025. On 19 November 2025 a second summons followed for organisational deficiencies (art. 939 CO), with a deadline of 19 December 2025, failing which the matter could be referred to the court. A new address, at a Neuchâtel coworking space, was registered on 23 February 2026; the company is still listed as active.
🇨🇭 Switzerland2008Jean-Marc JacobsonComplaint, no known decision
CEF/CEFT affair: complaint to the Basel prosecutor
Basel prosecutor’s office, economic crimes section (Switzerland)
Complaint filed on 22 July 2008 by two Belgian law firms for about fifty savers, for fraud, breach of trust and disloyal management, against the managers of Compagnie d’Escomptes Financiers (CEF SA, Basel): its chairman, Seymour Jacobson, father of Remy and Jean-Marc, and “his sons” sitting on the board, according to the Belgian press. About €10M in losses. According to the same source, funds had been moved to a Belize company, Argentom Trust, which was put into liquidation.
🇨🇦 Canada · 5
🇨🇦 Canada2002 – 2008Remy and Jean-Marc JacobsonConvicted (penal offence), appeals dismissed
City of Montreal v. Seymour, Remy and Jean-Marc Jacobson (D’Orsay et Compagnie Encanteurs inc.)
Montreal Municipal Court (2005) · Quebec Superior Court (2005) · Quebec Court of Appeal, judgment of 16 April 2008
Remy and Jean-Marc Jacobson and their father Seymour Jacobson were directors of D’Orsay et Compagnie Encanteurs inc., a Montreal French-wine auction company that cold-called buyers and presented the wines as an investment. On 25 May 2005, the Montreal Municipal Court found all three guilty of selling alcoholic beverages without a permit, between April and June 2002, at the company’s premises on rue de la Montagne. Their appeals were dismissed by the Quebec Superior Court on 22 November 2005 and by the Quebec Court of Appeal on 16 April 2008. This is a regulatory penal offence (liquor permit law), not a Criminal Code offence. According to the Quebec enterprise registry, D’Orsay et Compagnie Encanteurs inc., based at 3485 Boulevard Saint-Laurent, was struck off at its own request on 25 September 2009. In 2002 the company had also unsuccessfully challenged a search of its premises: the Superior Court and then the Quebec Court of Appeal (10 June 2004) upheld the warrant.
🇨🇦 Canada2002Jean-Marc JacobsonDefault judgment
Séguin v. Jean-Marc Jacobson
Court of Québec, Montreal · judgments of 27 February and 3 September 2002
A contractor sued Jean-Marc Jacobson, who had unilaterally terminated a sale and services contract partway through. Absent from the hearing although summoned, he was ordered on 27 February 2002 to compensate her lost profit, assessed at $8,825. He asked for the judgment to be set aside, denying he had signed the contracts: the request was dismissed on 3 September 2002, the court finding the services had been provided at his request, through his architect.
🇨🇦 Canada2014 – 2016Jean-Marc JacobsonClosed: Bitcoin Embassy ordered to pay
VX5 Technologies inc. v. Bitcoin Embassy
Quebec Superior Court, Montreal · judgment of 23 November 2016 (Justice Pierre-C. Gagnon)
The Bitcoin Embassy, founded by Jean-Marc Jacobson in 2013 in his building on Boulevard Saint-Laurent, signed an agreement with VX5 on 4 February 2014 to install a bitcoin ATM on its premises and share the fees. VX5 sued. In 2016 the Embassy’s lawyer withdrew, and the court terminated the agreement, ordered the Bitcoin Embassy to pay VX5 $11,258.55 in damages and dismissed its counterclaim. VX5 also sought a personal judgment against Jean-Marc Jacobson and two other officers, refused because they had not been served. According to the federal corporate registry, the Bitcoin Embassy was dissolved on 23 August 2024.
🇨🇦 Canada2005 – 2007Remy JacobsonCompany fined
City of Laval v. Arcadia Developments Ltd.
Laval Municipal Court · judgment of 14 June 2007 (2007 QCCM 258)
Arcadia Developments Ltd., of which Remy Jacobson is a director according to the Quebec enterprise registry, owned a complex of eight buildings and 310 apartments on rue Rivard in Laval. A neighbour complained of being constantly disturbed by prospective tenants: the company displayed a civic number, 3300 rue Rivard, that the City had assigned to the neighbour’s apartment. The municipal inspector never managed to meet the company’s management. On 14 June 2007 the Municipal Court found it guilty of displaying an unauthorised civic number and fined it $600 plus costs. This is a municipal by-law offence.
🇨🇦 Canada2013Jean-Marc JacobsonComplaint, no known decision
CEF/CEFT affair: complaint in Montreal
Royal Canadian Mounted Police, economic crimes (Montreal)
About fifty Belgian savers file a complaint in Montreal for fraud, embezzlement and money laundering, for total losses estimated at €11.5M. The complaint targets Seymour Jacobson, chairman of CEF SA, and Jean-Marc Jacobson, described as the company’s vice-president. According to the Belgian press, Canadian authorities accepted jurisdiction. No known public outcome.
🇫🇷 France · 1
🇫🇷 France2026 – ongoingRemy and Jean-Marc JacobsonOngoing
Collective criminal complaint by RealT investors
JUNALCO (national jurisdiction against organised crime, financial division of the Paris judicial court) · copy to the US federal prosecutor in Michigan · Delomel law firm
On 30 September 2026, the Delomel law firm announced it had filed a complaint on behalf of 627 RealT investors, who put their losses at €40 million. The complaint is addressed to JUNALCO, the national jurisdiction for organised crime at the financial division of the Paris judicial court, with a parallel copy to the US federal prosecutor in Michigan. The firm says it will assist the complainants in France and the United States. This is a complaint: no prosecutorial decision is known to date, and those targeted are presumed innocent.
Proceedings they brought
🇨🇦 Canada1996 – 2007Jean-Marc JacobsonManagers convicted; Jean-Marc Jacobson’s testimony found not credible
Chartrand case: CEF group funds (Bellingham Trading, Metropolitan Real Estate Fund) defrauded of $750,000
Court of Québec, criminal division (2005) · Quebec Superior Court, Bellingham Trading v. Metropolitan (MTL) Fund Management (17 November 2005) · Quebec Court of Appeal (18 October 2007) · Quebec Superior Court, Crédit foncier de Montréal inc. v. Chartrand and v. Anchorage (25 April 2005)
Funds controlled by Compagnie d’Escomptes Financiers (CEF), chaired by Seymour Jacobson and where Jean-Marc Jacobson had worked since 1991, entrusted the management of Montreal buildings to Gilbert Chartrand and Carole Lambert. They were convicted in 2005 of diverting $750,000 by mortgaging a Bellingham fund building with a forged document, a conviction upheld on appeal in 2007; in the civil case the Superior Court voided the mortgages and transfers obtained with that money. The Jacobsons are on the victims’ side here. But in the criminal judgment, the judge notes that the funds invested in areas not provided for in their prospectuses and writes that Jean-Marc Jacobson’s answers about his ignorance of the inflated valuations “seriously undermine his credibility”. In the same saga, on 25 April 2005, Crédit Foncier de Montréal inc., a company of which Jean-Marc Jacobson is a shareholder and director according to the Quebec enterprise registry, had two judgments obtained by CEF in the Cayman Islands recognised in Quebec: against Gilbert Chartrand in 2000 (US$191,455) and against Anchorage International Fund Management in 2001 (US$426,844), claims CEF had assigned to it in 2003.
🇺🇸 United States2014Remy and Jean-Marc JacobsonJudgment in their favour
Liquid Bits Corp. et al. v. Trendon Shavers et Bitcoin Savings and Trust
U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida
Remy and Jean-Marc Jacobson and their company Liquid Bits Corp. sue Trendon Shavers, operator of a bitcoin Ponzi scheme later convicted. They obtain an $11M judgment in their favour.
🇺🇸 United States2016Remy JacobsonOutcome not public
Miami Acquisitions Trust LLC et 4141 Design LLC v. One Fountainhead Center LLC et al.
Miami-Dade County Circuit Court
Remy Jacobson’s companies sue the sellers of the building at 4141 North Miami Avenue, bought for $10.5M, for breach of contract and fraud, alleging they concealed the building’s imminent historic designation.
🇺🇸 United States2022 – ongoingRemy JacobsonVoluntary dismissal, then appeal pending
Remy Jacobson v. Kahuna Group LLC
Miami-Dade County Circuit Court · case 2022-002268-CA-01; appeal: Florida Third District Court of Appeal
On 7 February 2022 Remy Jacobson petitioned to vacate the arbitration award issued in favour of Kahuna Group (see the Kahuna case above). Kahuna’s motion to dismiss was denied in October 2022. Kahuna then asked the court to hold Remy Jacobson in contempt (late 2024), obtained partial summary judgment on 26 June 2025 and moved for sanctions. Just before trial, Remy Jacobson voluntarily dismissed the case on 27 February 2026. A notice of appeal was filed on 25 March 2026; the appeals court (Florida Third District, case 3D2026-0633) dismissed it on 15 April 2026, then reinstated it on 23 April 2026. Remy Jacobson filed his initial brief on 22 July 2026 and Kahuna answered on 20 August 2026; the reply brief is due by 1 October 2026. The appeal is still pending.
🇺🇸 United States2014 – 2015Liquidbits (the brothers’ company)Closed: agreed dismissal
Liquidbits Corp and Bid On Gold LLC v. Fowler White Boggs P.A., Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney et al.
Miami-Dade County Circuit Court · case 2014-012472-CA-01
Liquidbits Corp, the Jacobson brothers’ company, and Bid On Gold LLC sued a law firm and one of its partners, filed on 12 May 2014. The case was dismissed by agreement in September 2015.
🇺🇸 United States2012 – 2014Wynwood Propco (company linked to Remy Jacobson)Closed
Wynwood Propco LLC v. M & S Investment LLC; Wynwood Propco LLC and Aster Shoes Inc.
Miami-Dade County courts · cases 2012-038581-CA-01, 2014-023334-CC-05 and 2014-028718-CA-01
Wynwood Propco LLC, a real-estate company linked to Remy Jacobson, sued M & S Investment LLC in a contract dispute in October 2012. In November 2014, Wynwood Propco and Aster Shoes sued each other in two cross-actions. All three cases are closed.
🇺🇸 United States2006 – 2012Remy JacobsonClosed: dismissed after mediation
Axa Assurances Inc. (for Remy Jacobson) v. Countach Inc. and Coral Gables Imports Inc.
Miami-Dade County Circuit Court · case 2006-007057-CA-01
Insurer Axa Assurances, also acting in Remy Jacobson’s name, sued two Miami car dealerships for negligence over a vehicle, filed on 11 April 2006. The case lasted six years (motions to inspect the vehicle and for sanctions, motion to dismiss denied in 2011). After mediation, it was dismissed on the parties’ stipulation on 27 December 2012.
🇺🇸 United States2022 – 2025RealToken (companies)14 tenant eviction cases
RealToken companies v. Toledo (Ohio) tenants: eviction cases
Toledo Municipal Court, civil division · 14 cases CVG-22-06976 to CVG-25-21639
From 2022 to 2025, RealT companies (“Ohio Real Token LLC”, “Ohio Real Token 1 LLC” and “Series 146-2550 Greenway, a series of RealToken LLC”) filed 14 eviction cases against tenants of their houses in Toledo: 6 in 2022, 4 in 2024 and 4 in 2025. They acted first through their manager Buckeye Northwest Realty, then, in 2025, through Serenity Property Management. The tenants’ names are deliberately left out.
🇺🇸 United States2025RealToken (companies)Outcome not public
RealToken Technologies, Inc. et al. v. Reed, Shawn
Third Judicial Circuit Court, Wayne County · case 25-003028-CZ
Civil lawsuit filed in 2025 by RealToken Technologies Inc. and other companies against an individual. The subject is not public online.
This list relies on public sources available online as of 30 September 2026: Wayne County court dockets (Odyssey) and Michigan Court of Appeals, Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach Clerk records and Miami-Dade Official Records, federal dockets (CourtListener, Justia), UK Companies House, Florida corporate registry (Sunbiz), Quebec enterprise registry, Quebec decisions (SOQUIJ), published decisions, press. Family and private matters found in these records are deliberately left out. Other cases may exist in registers not searchable for free (PACER, Quebec, Argentina). The detailed Detroit court timeline and upcoming hearings are on the
main page of the file.